Imfashanyigisho yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikinisho byoroshye

Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikinisho byoroheje nintambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora, kuko byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje umutekano, ibikoresho, nibipimo ngenderwaho.Kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa mu nganda zikinisha zoroshye, kuko ibikinisho byoroshye bigurwa kubana kandi bigomba kubahiriza amategeko akomeye y’umutekano.

Ubwoko bwibikinisho byoroshye:

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikinisho byoroshye kumasoko, harimo ibikinisho bya plush, inyamaswa zuzuye, ibipupe, nibindi byinshi.Ibikinisho bya plush biroroshye, ibikinisho byigikinisho bisanzwe bikozwe mumyenda kandi byuzuyemo ibintu byoroshye.Inyamaswa zuzuye zisa nibikinisho bya plush ariko akenshi bikozwe bisa ninyamaswa nyazo.Ibipupe nibikinisho byoroheje ushobora gukoresha ukoresheje amaboko yawe kugirango ukore illuzion yo kugenda.Ubundi bwoko bwibikinisho byoroshye birimo ibishyimbo bya beanie, umusego, nibindi byinshi.

Ibipimo ngenzuramikorere:

Hariho amahame menshi ibikinisho byoroshye bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bifite ireme.Ibipimo byumutekano kubikinisho byoroshye birimo ASTM (Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini nibikoresho) na EN71 (uburayi bwumutekano wibikinisho).Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ibisabwa bitandukanye byumutekano, harimo ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ubwubatsi, hamwe nibisabwa.

Ibikoresho nibipimo byubwubatsi byemeza ko ibikinisho byoroshye bikozwe nibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byubatswe muburyo butuma umutekano uramba.Ibigaragara nibikorwa byerekana neza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma bisa neza kandi bikora nkuko byateganijwe.

Niki ASTM F963 Igipimo cyumutekano wibikinisho?

ASTM F963 ni igipimo cyumutekano wibikinisho Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika yateje imbere Ibizamini nibikoresho (ASTM).Ni urutonde rwamabwiriza nibisabwa kugirango ibikinisho bigenewe gukoreshwa nabana bari munsi yimyaka 14.Igipimo gikubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bwibikinisho, harimo ibipupe, ibishushanyo mbonera, gukina, gukina ibikinisho, hamwe nibikoresho bya siporo byurubyiruko.

Igipimo gikemura ibibazo bitandukanye byumutekano, harimo ibyago byumubiri nubukanishi, gutwikwa, n’ibyangiza imiti.Harimo kandi ibisabwa kubirango byo kuburira n'amabwiriza yo gukoresha.Intego yibipimo ni ugufasha kwemeza ko ibikinisho bifite umutekano kubana gukina no kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa cyangwa gupfa kubera ibikinisho bijyanye n ibikinisho.

Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho (ASTM) F963, izwi cyane ku izina rya “Standard Standard Customer Safety Specification for Umutekano w'Ibikinisho,” ni ihame ry'umutekano w'igikinisho cyateguwe na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho (ASTM) ikoreshwa ku bikinisho by'ubwoko bwose. kwinjira muri Amerika.Aya mabwiriza ngenderwaho y’umubiri mpuzamahanga ateganya ko ibikinisho n’ibikoresho by’abana bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo by’imiti, imashini, n’umuriro byavuzwe haruguru.

Ikizamini cya ASTM F963

ASTM F963 ikubiyemoibizamini bya mashiniibisabwa kugirango umenye neza ko ibikinisho bifite umutekano kubana gukina.Ibi bizamini byateguwe kugirango bisuzume imbaraga z ibikinisho kandi biramba kandi urebe ko bidafite impande zikarishye, ingingo, nizindi ngaruka zishobora gutera imvune.Bimwe mubizamini bya mashini bikubiye mubisanzwe ni:

1. Ikizamini gikaze n'ingingo: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubukana bwimpande n ingingo ku bikinisho.Igikinisho gishyizwe hejuru, kandi imbaraga zikoreshwa kumpera cyangwa ingingo.Niba igikinisho cyatsinzwe ikizamini, kigomba guhindurwa cyangwa guhindurwa kugirango gikureho ingaruka.
2. Ikizamini cyingufu za Tensile: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma imbaraga zibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikinisho.Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho gikoreshwa ningufu zingana kugeza kimenetse.Imbaraga zisabwa kumena icyitegererezo zikoreshwa mukumenya imbaraga zingirakamaro.
3. Ikizamini cyingufu zingaruka: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwigikinisho cyo guhangana ningaruka.Uburemere bumanurwa ku gikinisho kuva mu burebure bwagenwe, kandi hasuzumwa ingano y’ibyangijwe n’igikinisho.
4. Ikizamini cyo kwikuramo: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwigikinisho cyo kwihanganira kwikuramo.Umutwaro ushyirwa ku gikinisho mu cyerekezo cya perpendicular, kandi ingano yo guhindura ibintu ikinishwa irasuzumwa.

Ikizamini cya ASTM F963

ASTM F963 ikubiyemo ibisabwa byo gupima umuriro kugirango ibikinisho biterekana umuriro.Ibi bizamini byateguwe kugirango hamenyekane umuriro w’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikinisho no kureba ko ibikinisho bitagira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza umuriro.Bimwe mubizamini byo gutwika bikubiye mubisanzwe ni:

1. Ikizamini cyo gutwika hejuru: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ibicanwa hejuru yikinisho.Ikirimi gishyirwa hejuru yikinisho mugihe cyagenwe, kandi urumuri rukwirakwira nimbaraga zirasuzumwa.
2. Ibice bito byo gutwikwa: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma umuriro wibice bito bishobora gutandukana nigikinisho.Ikirimi gishyirwa mugice gito, kandi urumuri rukwirakwira nuburemere birasuzumwa.
3. Ikizamini cyo gutwika buhoro: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwigikinisho cyo kurwanya gutwika mugihe kitagenzuwe.Igikinisho gishyirwa mu itanura kandi kigashyirwa ku bushyuhe bwihariye mu gihe cyagenwe - igipimo cyo gutwika igikinisho.

ASTM F963 Kwipimisha Imiti

ASTM F963 ikubiyemokwipimisha imitiibisabwa kugirango umenye neza ko ibikinisho bitarimo ibintu byangiza bishobora kwinjizwa cyangwa guhumeka nabana.Ibi bizamini byateguwe kugirango hasuzumwe imiti imwe n'imwe ihari mu bikinisho kandi urebe ko itarenze imipaka yagenwe.Bimwe mubizamini bya shimi bikubiye mubisanzwe ni:

1. Ikizamini cyibirimo kuyobora: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ahari gurş mubikoresho bikinisha.Isasu nicyuma cyuburozi gishobora kwangiza abana mugihe cyinjiye cyangwa gihumeka.Ingano ya gurş igaragara mubikinisho irapimwa kugirango irebe ko itarenga imipaka yemewe.
2. Ikizamini cya Phthalate: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma ahari phthalate mubikoresho by ibikinisho.Phthalates ni imiti ikoreshwa kugirango plastike irusheho guhinduka, ariko irashobora kwangiza abana iyo yinjiye cyangwa ihumeka.Ingano ya phalite mu gikinisho irapimwa kugirango irebe ko itarenga imipaka yemewe.
3. Ikizamini cyose gihindagurika kama (TVOC): Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mugusuzuma niba ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOCs) mubikoresho by ibikinisho.VOC ni imiti ihumeka mu kirere kandi ishobora guhumeka.Ingano ya VOC mu gikinisho irapimwa kugirango irebe ko itarenga imipaka yemewe.

ASTM F963 Ibisabwa

ASTM F963 ikubiyemo ibisabwa kubirango biburira n'amabwiriza yo gukoresha kugirango afashe kwemeza ko ibikinisho bikoreshwa neza.Ibi bisabwa bigenewe guha abakiriya amakuru yingenzi kubyerekeye ingaruka zishobora guterwa nigikinisho nuburyo bwo gukoresha igikinisho neza.Bimwe mubisabwa kuranga bikubiye mubisanzwe ni:

1. Ibirango byo kuburira: Ibirango byo kuburira birakenewe kubikinisho bishobora kubangamira abana.Ibirango bigomba kwerekanwa cyane kandi byerekana neza imiterere yibyago nuburyo bwo kubyirinda.
2. Amabwiriza yo gukoresha: Amabwiriza yo gukoresha arasabwa kubikinisho bifite ibice bishobora guteranyirizwa hamwe cyangwa gusenywa cyangwa bifite imirimo myinshi cyangwa ibiranga.Aya mabwiriza agomba kwandikwa neza kandi mu magambo ahinnye kandi akubiyemo ingamba zose zikenewe cyangwa umuburo.
3. Gutondekanya imyaka: Ibikinisho bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyimyaka kugirango bifashe abaguzi guhitamo ibikinisho bikwiranye nabana babo.Icyiciro cyimyaka kigomba gushingira kubushobozi bwiterambere ryabana kandi bikagaragara cyane kubikinisho cyangwa mubipfunyika.
4. Igihugu Inkomoko: Igihugu cy’ibicuruzwa bigomba kuvugwa muri iki kimenyetso.Ibi bigomba kwerekanwa kubicuruzwa.

Bimwe mubikorwa bigira uruhare mukugenzura ibikinisho byoroshye:

1. Kugenzura mbere yumusaruro:

Igenzura mbere yumusaruroni intambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kuko bifasha kumenya ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yuko umusaruro utangira.Mugihe cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa mbere yumusaruro, abahanga bashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge basuzuma inyandiko zibyakozwe nkibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibisobanuro bifatika kugirango barebe ko byujuje ubuziranenge n'ibisabwa.Bagenzura kandi ibikoresho fatizo nibigize kugirango barebe ko bifite ireme ryokoreshwa mubicuruzwa byanyuma.Byongeye kandi, baragenzura ko ibikoresho nibikorwa byakozwe muburyo bwiza kandi bushobora gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.

2. Kugenzura kumurongo:

Kugenzura kumurongo bikurikirana inzira yumusaruro kugirango ibicuruzwa byarangiye byujuje ubuziranenge n'ibisabwa.Abashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bakora igenzura ryibicuruzwa byarangiye kugirango bamenye kandi bakosore ibibazo uko bivutse.Ibi bifasha gufata inenge hakiri kare mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro no kubarinda kunyuzwa mugice cyanyuma cyo kugenzura.

3. Igenzura rya nyuma:

Igenzura rya nyuma ni isuzuma ryuzuye ryibicuruzwa byarangiye kugirango harebwe niba byujuje umutekano, ibikoresho, nibipimo ngenderwaho.Ibi birimo ibizamini byumutekano nibikorwa no kugenzura ibipakirwa kugirango urebe ko bifite ireme kandi bitanga uburinzi buhagije kubikinisho byoroshye.

4. Ibikorwa bikosora:

Niba ibibazo byagaragaye mugihe cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge, ni ngombwa gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byo gukosora kugirango bikosorwe kandi birinde ko bitazongera kubaho ukundi.Ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo kumenya intandaro yikibazo no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo gukumira kugirango bigabanye amahirwe yinenge.

5. Kubika inyandiko hamwe ninyandiko:

Kubika neza inyandiko hamwe nibyangombwa nibintu byingenzi mubikorwa byo kugenzura ubuziranenge.Inzobere mu kugenzura ubuziranenge zigomba kubika inyandiko nka raporo zubugenzuzi, na raporo y'ibikorwa ikosora kugirango ikurikirane ahokugenzura ubuziranengegutunganya no kumenya inzira cyangwa uturere twiterambere.

Igenzura ryiza nintambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora ibikinisho byoroheje, kuko byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje umutekano, ibikoresho, nibipimo ngenderwaho.Mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura, ababikora barashobora kubyara ibikinisho byoroheje byujuje ubuziranenge byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya babo.