Ibikinisho bizwiho kuba "inshuti magara y'abana".Nyamara, abantu benshi ntibazi ko ibikinisho bimwe na bimwe bifite umutekano uhungabanya ubuzima n’umutekano byabana bacu.Nibihe bibazo byingenzi byibicuruzwa biboneka mugupima ubuziranenge bwibikinisho byabana?Nigute dushobora kubyirinda?
Kuraho inenge kandi urinde umutekano wabana
Ubushinwa nimbaraga zikomeye.Igurisha ibikinisho nibindi bicuruzwa kubana mubihugu n'uturere birenga 200.Mu Bwongereza, 70% by'ibikinisho biva mu Bushinwa, naho mu Burayi, umubare ugera kuri 80% by'ibikinisho.
Twakora iki mugihe tubonye inenge mugice cyo gukora igishushanyo mbonera?Kuva ku ya 27 Kanama 2007, hamwe nogusohora no gushyira mu bikorwa "Amabwiriza agenga imiyoborere yo kwibuka ibikinisho by’abana", "Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi bifite inenge", na "Ingingo z’agateganyo ku micungire y’ibutsa abaguzi. Ibicuruzwa ", sisitemu yo kwibuka ibicuruzwa bifite inenge byarushijeho kuba byiza mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abana, kuzamura imyumvire y’ibicuruzwa no kunoza uburyo inzego za leta zicunga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa.
Turabona kimwe mumahanga.Kuri iki cyiciro, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere twinshi ku isi, nk'Ubwongereza, Ositaraliya, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubuyapani, Kanada, n’ibindi byagiye bikurikirana uburyo bwo kwibuka ku bicuruzwa bya buri munsi bifite inenge.Buri mwaka, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya buri munsi byibutswa mubikorwa byo kugabura kugirango abakiriya bashobore gukingirwa ingaruka zishobora guterwa nabo.
Ku bijyanye n'iki kibazo, "Yaba Ubushinwa, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubwongereza cyangwa ibindi bihugu by’aba capitaliste, byose biha agaciro kanini kurengera abana, kandi uburyo bwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa ku bikinisho by’abana bikabije."
Ibyago rusange nibitekerezo byo kugenzura ibikinisho byabana
Bitandukanye nibindi bicuruzwa bya buri munsi, intego yibikinisho kubana irihariye kubera imiterere ya physiologique na buri muntu ku giti cye, bigaragarira cyane nkubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda.Imiterere yimiterere yabana nayo itandukanye nabakuze ': gukura byihuse niterambere, ishyaka ryo gushakisha ibintu bishya no guhora utezimbere ubuhanga bwo kumenya.
"Uburyo bw'abana bwo gukoresha igikinisho mubyukuri ni inzira yose yo gushakisha no gusobanukirwa isi. Mubihe byinshi, ntabwo byoroshye gukurikiza gahunda yo gushushanya cyangwa gukoresha ibikinisho nkuko umuntu mukuru yabikora. Kubwibyo, umwihariko wabo ugomba gutekerezwaho mugihe cyogushushanya, kubyara no gukora kugirango wirinde kwangiza abana. "
Ibyingenzi byingenzi mugenzura rusange ryibikinisho kubana nibi bikurikira:
1. Imikorere yumutekano yumubiri yimashini nibikoresho.
Ahanini bigaragarira nkibice bito, gucumita / gushushanya, inzitizi, gukonjesha, gukanda, gutaka, kugwa / kumenagura, urusaku, magnesi, nibindi.
Nyuma y’isesengura ry’imibare, byagaragaye ko mu mashini n’ibikoresho ibyago byinshi ari ibyangiritse bito byangiritse byaguye ku buryo bworoshye, ku gipimo cya 30% kugeza 40%.
Nibihe bice bito bigwa?Birashobora kuba buto, pinballs, trinkets, ibice bito nibikoresho.Ibi bice bito birashobora kumirwa byoroshye nabana cyangwa bikuzuzwa mumyanya yizuru nyuma yo kugwa, bikaviramo ibyago byo kumira umwanda cyangwa kubuza urwobo.Niba igice gito kirimo ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, bimaze kumirwa nibeshya, ibyangiritse bizakomeza.
Mu bihe byashize, ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byohereje umuburo w’abakiriya ku bicuruzwa bizwi cyane bya magnetiki bikinishwa mu Bushinwa.Ibyo bikinisho birimo ibice bya magneti cyangwa imipira mito.Habaho ibyago byo guhumeka biterwa no kumira kubwimpanuka cyangwa guhumeka ibice bito.
Ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’imashini n’ibikoresho, Huang Lina yasabye ko inganda zikora inganda zigomba gukora igenzura rikomeye ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy’inganda.Byongeye kandi, inganda zigomba kwitonda cyane muguhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, kubera ko ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bigomba gufatwa muburyo bwihariye mugihe cyibyakozwe kugirango birinde ingaruka "kugwa".
2. Igikorwa cyo kwirinda umutekano.
Ibikinisho byinshi bigizwe nibicuruzwa.Niyo mpamvu imikorere yumuriro yibicuruzwa igomba gukorwa.
Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi ni igipimo cyihuse cyo gutwika ibice / ibicuruzwa, bigatuma habaho umwanya uhagije kugirango abana bahunge byihutirwa.Ikindi kibuze ni igipimo cya PVC cya plastike kidahungabana, gitanga byoroshye amazi yimiti.Ibindi bitagenda neza bibaho mugihe ibikinisho byuzuye byuzuye byuzuye bikongeje vuba, niba hari kwirundanya kwinshi mubicuruzwa byimyenda, cyangwa imiti yangiza imiti ituruka kumyotsi yaka.
Mubikorwa byose byo gukora ibicuruzwa, dukwiye kumenya guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo.Tugomba kandi kwitondera ikoreshwa rya halogen-flame retardants.Ibigo byinshi byongeweho nkana bimwe na bimwe bya halogene idafite flame retardants kugirango huzuzwe neza ibisabwa nibikorwa byumutekano.Nyamara, bimwe muribi bishobora gutera imiti mvaruganda yangiza, bityo rero witonde nabo!
3. Imikorere yumutungo kamere ikora neza.
Ibinyabuzima byangiza imiti nabyo ni bumwe mu bwoko bwimvune zikunze guterwa n ibikinisho.Ibigize ibikinisho byimurwa byoroshye mumibiri yabana kubera amacandwe, ibyuya, nibindi, bityo bikangiza ubuzima bwabo bwumubiri nubwenge.Ugereranije n’imvune zumubiri, kwangirika kwimiti kiva mubikinisho biragoye cyane kubimenya kuko bigenda byegeranya buhoro buhoro.Nyamara, ibyangiritse birashobora kuba byinshi, guhera kugabanuka kwa sisitemu yubudahangarwa kugeza kumitekerereze mibi yumubiri nu mubiri ndetse no kwangirika gukabije kwimbere mumubiri.
Ibintu bisanzwe bya chimique bitera imiti mvaruganda nibikomere birimo ibintu byihariye nibintu byihariye byo gusesengura imiti, nibindi.Bimwe mubintu bisanzwe bikunze kwimurwa ni arsenic, selenium, antimoni, mercure, gurş, kadmium, chromium na barium.Bimwe mubintu byihariye byisesengura byimiti ni tackifiers, formaldehyde yo mu nzu, amarangi ya azo (birabujijwe), BPA hamwe na halogen idafite flame retardants, nibindi.Usibye ibyo, ibindi bintu bitera kanseri bitera allergie na mutation genetique bigomba no gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa.
Mu gusubiza ubu bwoko bwimvune, ibigo bikora bigomba kwitondera byumwihariko irangi bakoresha, hamwe na polymers nibindi bikoresho bibisi bakoresha.Ni ngombwa gushakisha abagabura neza kuri buri bikoresho fatizo kugirango wirinde gukoresha ibikoresho bibisi bidakinishwa mugihe cyibikorwa.Byongeye kandi, birakenewe kwitondera mugihe uguze ibikoresho byabigenewe kandi rwose ukaze wirinda kwanduza ibidukikije byinganda mugihe cyibikorwa byose.
4. Imikorere yumutekano wamashanyarazi.
Vuba aha, kandi nyuma yo kuzamura ibicuruzwa no gukoresha uburyo n’ikoranabuhanga rishya, ibikinisho by’amashanyarazi byakiriwe neza n’ababyeyi n’abana, bituma kwiyongera kw’umutekano w’amashanyarazi.
Ibyago by’umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu bikinisho by'abana bigaragarira cyane nk'ibikoresho bishyushye n'imikorere idasanzwe, imbaraga zidahagije zo gukomeretsa no gukomera ku bikoresho byo mu rugo, ndetse n'inenge zubatswe.Ibishobora guhungabanya umutekano w'amashanyarazi birashobora gutera ibibazo bikurikira.Iya mbere ni ubushyuhe bukabije bwibikinisho, aho ubushyuhe bwibigize igikinisho hamwe nibidukikije biri hejuru cyane, bishobora gutera uruhu gutwika cyangwa gutwikwa mubidukikije.Iya kabiri ni imbaraga zidahagije zo kwikuramo ibikoresho byo murugo, biganisha ku kunanirwa kwumuzunguruko mugufi, kunanirwa kwamashanyarazi, cyangwa no kwangirika.Icya gatatu ningaruka zidahagije gukomera, bigabanya imikorere yumutekano wibicuruzwa.Ubwoko bwa nyuma ni inenge zubatswe, nka bateri yongeye kwishyurwa ihujwe inyuma, ishobora gutera kunanirwa kwumuzunguruko mugufi cyangwa bateri yumuriro igabanuka, mubindi bibazo.
Ku bijyanye n'ubu bwoko bw'ibyago, Huang Lina yasabye ko amasosiyete akora inganda akora gahunda ya tekiniki n’umwuga ya elegitoroniki ishinzwe umutekano w’umuzunguruko, ndetse no kugura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo hatabaho ingaruka mbi ku bana.
Harimo kandi kuranga / gushyira akamenyetso, isuku no kubungabunga ibidukikije, nibindi bibazo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-04-2021